Brick-kiln.



PATBNTED MAY 9, 1905.

M. S. STORER.

BRICK KILN.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR,7,1904.

2 SHBETS-SEBBT 1.

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ivo. 789,571

Patented May 9, 1905.

MARUELLUS S. STORER, OF NELSON, NEBRASKA.

Beloit-kun.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 789,577, dated May 9, 1905.

Application filed March '7, 1904. Serial No. 197,020.

To n/ZZ 107mm/ it may cm1/cern:

Beit known that I MAuonLLUs S. Srounn, a citizen ofthe United States, resid ing at Nelson, in the county of Nuckolls and State of Nebraska, have invented a new and useful Brick- Kiln, of which the following is a specilication.

This invention relates to brick-kilns, and more especially to the arrangement of the .lines or passages within the kiln.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a system of furnaces and channels for the generation and distribution of the heat and products of combustion through a charge of green brick in such manner as to insure the even and uniform burning of the enti rc charge, so producing throughout the entire charge brick of similar color and hardness.

A further object of the invention is to provide a system of iues or passages Afor the distribution of heat and the products of combustion through the charge of green brick in such manner as to effect the most economical use of the fuel.

lVith the objects above mentioned and others in view my invention consists in the novel features of construction and arrangement of furnaces and channels in brick-kilns, as hereinafter fully described and claimed, and illustrated in several different forms of embodiment in the accompanying drawings.

The invention is readily applicable to kilns of any of the ordinary forms, whether round, square, or elongated, and in order to make the invention clearly understood Yl shall describe its embodiment in kilns of the round and elongated forms.

ln the drawings, Figure l is a horizontal sectional view through the side wall of a kiln and a portion of the charge of brick therein upon the line l l of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section through a portion of the kiln on the line 3 of Fig. l. Fig. 4L is a horizontal section on the line Il It of Fig. 5, showing the arrangement of [lues in a beehive kiln. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 5 5 of Fig. fi. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 6 6 of Fig. t.

Referring to the drawings, in which correspondin g parts are designated by similar charactors of reference throughout, and having reference more particularly to Figs. l and 2, l l represent the vertical side walls of the kiln, outside of which are arranged batteries of lire-boxes or furnaces 2 and 3, the former of which are updraft and the latter downdraft furnaces. B designates generally the charge or clamp of green brick, arranged within the kiln upon the 'floor F thereof, and C-dcsignates the crown or top of the kiln. ln the structure shown in Figs. l and 2 the charge AHV is Vformed with channels extending' transversely thereof from each lire-box or furnace to a tunnel extending longitudinally of the kiln along the median line and leading to a smoke-stack disposed external to the kiln at a suitable distance therefrom in order to produce the requisite amount of draft. The tunnel, which is designated 4t, will vary in dimensions according to the size of the kiln, and the channels which lead thereto from the 'furnaces are of two sizes. The channels leading from the furnaces 2 are wider than those leading from the furnaces 3, the wider channels being preferably about fourteen inches in width and the narrower ones about eight inches in width and the channels being' in both instances about twenty-huir inches deep. The wider channels, which are designated 5, are as wide as the `furnaces from which they lead, but the narrower channels (designated 6) are narrower than the furnaces from which they lead, and vertically-arranged bag-walls 7 are provided at the ends of the furnaces of these latter channels for purposes that will presently be explained. The bag-walls 7 eX- tend vertically upward to the top of the charge B of green brick and ali'ord passages between the charge of brick and the side walls along which the products of combustion may rise to the top of the kiln. Small openings 8 are provided at intervals in the sides of the bag-walls 7 to permit the prod.- ucts of combustion to pass therethrough into the spaces between the green bricks constituting the charge of the kiln.

The charge of brick is arranged in the usual manner over the floor of the kiln, spaces being left between individual bricks, as shown,

IOO

in order to permit free circulation of the eurrents bearing the products of combustion. Above the channels 5 and 6 the brick are laid so as to form arches, as shown at 9 in Fig. 3, and at the top of the kiln some space is left between the charge of brick and the crown of the kiln to permit the currents to pass horizontally over the sides of the charge of brick toward the middle thereof before being drawn downward to the tunnel below the brick.

Then the kiln is in operation, the heat from the furnaces 2 and 3 of each battery will set up currents which pass inward from the furnaces and ultimately reach the tunnel leading to the stack. The products of combustion from the furnaces :2 of each battery pass directly along the channels 5 toward the tunnel; but the loosely-laid brick of the charge above the channels 5 afford passages upward, into which the products of combustion are drawn to a certain extent, as the said products of combustion are necessarily lighter than the cool gases higher up in the kiln, and coiivection currents aie necessarily produced in con sequence. The currents which pass inward from the furnaces 3 of each series are checked in part when they reach the bag-walls 7, and a considerable percentage of the products of combustion there are carried upward by convection in the bag-walls 7, while the remainder will pass toward the tunnel along the channels 6. Upward currents in the bag-walls 7 are reduced as they rise by losses which take place through the small openings 8, leading into the spaces between the green bricks of the charge; but the residue of the said currents pass upward to the top of the kiln, strike against the crown thereof, and are deflected downward and toward the middle of the kiln. After being deflected downward the currents which pass upward in the bagwalls 7 are caused to find their way to the tunnel 4 by passing through the charge of green brick. In passing downward to the tunnel 4 the currents froni the top of the kiln mingle with those that work their way through the small openings 8 in the sides of the bag-walls 7 and also become mingled with the upward currents from the channels 6. As the crown of the kiln is either constructed without openings or else the openings therein are tightly closed, the general direction of the current passing' out of the kiln is downward to the tunnel 4 and thence to the stack S. In producing the single general current that sweeps from the kiln through the tunnel 4 all of the separate currents which enter from the furnaces are combined. Consequently the upward currents from the channels 5 blend with the horizontal currents through the openings 8 and with the downward currents from the crown of the kiln. In this way the heat from the furnaces is so disseminated through the entire charge or clamp of green brick that a gradual heating of the entire mass of green brick is brought about without at any time producing excessive temperatures in any part of the whole mass. In this way the destruction of a considera-ble quantity of brick by overliring, which is of frequent occurrence when the bricks are exposed directly to the heat of the fires, is avoided. Instead the bricks in all parts of the kiln heat at nearly the same rate, and it is unnecessary in order to obtain the requisite degree of heat in one part of the kiln to heat the bricks excessively in another part.

In Figs. 4 to 6 I have illustrated an embodiment of the invention in a round kiln, in which acharge of green brick is arranged in a manner similar to that already explained in connection with an elongated rectangular kiln.

In Figs. 4 to 6, F' designates the floor of the kiln; C, the crown; 20, the side walls; 21, the updraft and 22 the downdraft furnaces, and 23 the underground flue or tunnel leading from the center of the kiln to the stack. In this form of kiln the furnaces are arranged peripherally, as shown, and the furnaces 21 and 22 alternate in position in somewhat the same manner as the furnaces 2 and 3 in the forni of kiln already described. Comparatively wide channels 24 extend from the furnaces 21 toward the center of the kiln, where they communicate with the tunnel 2.3. Narrower channels 25 are arranged similarly between tlie furnaces 22 and the center of the kiln. These narrower channels extend from vertical]y-arranged bag-walls 26, which extend upward toward the crown of the kiln. The bag-walls 26 aie provided with openings Q7 in the inner sides thereof to permit currents to pass from the bag-walls 26 into the spaces left in the charge of green brick.y and at the top of the kiln the currents which pass upward along the vertical bag-walls are deflected inward and downward, so that they may pass downward through the interstices in the charge of brick to the tunnel at the center of the kiln. The charge or clamp of green brick is disposed in the kiln in such manner as to present enough open spacetliereiii for the ready passage of the currents of heated air and smoke, and arches 28 are formed iu the lower part of the charge over the channels 24 and 25, so affording means for the currents sweeping inward along said channels to rise and become distributed through the lower part of the mass of brick. At the central part of the charge over the end of the under-I ground fiue 23 the green brick are arranged in as open order as possible to facilitate the passage downward of the heated air and smoke from the crown of the kiln structure. In order to afford sufficient support for the central portion of the charge when constructed in this manner, it is necessary to provide piers 29 in the end of the tunnel and to rest the central portion of the charge of brick upon these piers, as shown in Fig. 5. i/Vith IOO IIS

the charge or clamp of green brick arranged and supported in this manner the circulation ot' the currents ot' heated air and products ot combustion throughout the entire mass of green brick in the desired manner is insured, the currents sweeping inward along the channels Q4 and 25 passing downward into the tunnel through the spaces external to the piers 29 and the downward currents through the center of the charge moving through the spaces surrounded by the piers. ln this form of the invention, as in that already described, the outflow olI the products of combustion `from the kiln must take place through the underground line or tunnel Q3 to the stack, and consequently the several currents above mentionedthc upward currents, the betteln currents, and the currents introduced into the charge ot' brick from the sides-all combine to produce a single resultant current in the underground Aflue or tunnel 23, the strength of this current being determined by the size and length of the tunnel, the dimensions of the stack, and the arrangement of the bricks within the kiln.

Vliile l have described the invention as emthat the wall constituting the sides ol the vertical bag-walls in the two dilii'erent forms of kiln need not be made oi' lire-brick, but may be constructed or' green brick suitably laid and serve all the purposes of this invention.

inasmuch as the gist of the present invention lies in the mode of distributing the currents bearing the heat from the Jfurnaces through the green brick in the kiln in order to produce uniform eilects in burning, the green brick and the permanent kiln structure lorm for the purposes ol this invention a single or unitary structure and the passages in the permanent kiln structure and in the charge ot green brick cooperate in eli'ecting the .re-v

sults contemplated in this invention.

Having thus described the construction and use et my invention, what l claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination with a kiln, of a stack external thereto, a tunnel leading to the stack and having an inlet-opening in thc middle oi.E the iioor of the kiln, updraft and downdraft furnaces arranged alternately at the sides of' the kiln, and channels connecting the furnaces with the tunnel.

2. The combination with a kiln, or' a stack external thereto, a channel beneath the l'loor of the kiln and leading to the stack, and having an inlet-opening at the middle of the floor, updra'l't and downdraft furnaces arranged alternatel y at the sides of the kiln, channels leading from the furnaces to the center ol the kiln, and bag-walls disposed within the kiln in front of the downdralt-turnaceS.

3. The combination with a kiln, of a stack external thereto, a channel beneath the `iioor of the kiln and leading to the stack, and having an inlet-opening at the middle of the floor, upd raft and downdralt 'furnaces arranged alternately at the sides of the kiln, channels leading from the furnaces to the center ot' the kiln, and bag-walls provided with laterallydischarging openings and disposed within the kiln in front of the downdraft-furnaces.

In testimony that l claim the foregoing as my own l have hereto a'l'lixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

MARCELLUS S. STORER. lVitnesses:

D. H. Fur, Jr., Menno M. S'rmNenn. 

